Required to take two painting classes at Long Beach State College in 1953-55 as an Art Education major and having little interest in mixing custom colors of paint on a palette and painting pictures of things, I chose to use the hard edge non-representational approach to solving the class problems. Instructor: John Olsen. Memorable fellow students: Vic Smith, George James, Bill Sundell and Connor Everts.

c. 1954

In my evolution as a dilettante, after dabbling in jewelry, hooked rugs, printing for pleasure, ceramics, graphic design and film, I returned to hard edge painting in c.1963 with a series exploring the circle and letter shapes.

c. 1964

This year (2009), still attempting to paint, I turned to the hard edge/masking tape process once again and have made a series of small paintings called "Homage to Josef Albers" exploring the two and three dimensional aspects of the square. What goes around comes a square. Acrylic on canvas.